400 Parts in a Million: The World’s Biggest Experiment

This episode was made possible by the generous support of Science Alert.

4.6 Billion Years of Earth’s Climate History: The Role of CO2

Richard Alley presents on 4.6 Billion Years of Earth’s Climate History: The Role of CO2.

3.5 mil years ago, summer temps were ~8°C warmer than today, CO2 was ~400 ppm

Two recent studies on past temperatures.

2013 was the second-hottest year without an El Niño since before 1850

Over the past decade, we've seen less warming at the surface and more warming in the oceans. This has been in large part due to a change in Pacific Ocean cycles.

2013 was hottest year on record in Australia

Average temperatures were 1.20 degrees Celsius above the long-term average of 21.8C, breaking the previous record set in 2005 by 0.17C.

2013 Is the Fourth Hottest Year on Record

2013 is the fourth hottest year since records started being kept in 1880. It ties with 2003 for that dubious honor.

1997 and 2015 El Niño Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (Video)

A brief comparison of changes in sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies between the major El Niño event of 1997-98 and the El Niño event emerging in 2015.

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