NASA 2012: The transpolar drift (purple arrows) is a dominant circulation feature in the Arctic Ocean that carries freshwater runoff (red arrows) from rivers in Russia across the North Pole and south towards Greenland. Under changing atmospheric conditions, emergent circulation patterns (blue arrows) drive freshwater runoff east towards Canada, resulting in freshening of Arctic water in the Canada Basin. Understanding this more complex pathway will help scientists make better predictions about the Arctic’s response to climate change. https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/earth20120104.html
Russian Runoff Freshens Canadian Arctic
Russian Runoff Freshens Canadian Arctic
Arctic sea surface height variability and change from satellite radar altimetry and GRACE, 2003–2014 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015JC011579/full
NASA | Russian Runoff Freshens Canadian Arctic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y8diuqAI6YA
Satellites detect abundance of fresh water in the Arctic http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Space_for_our_climate/Satellites_detect_abundance_of_fresh_water_in_the_Arctic
Steric Height https://sealevel.nasa.gov/understanding-sea-level/key-indicators/steric-height
