This analysis is quite compelling, but in my opinion, it is weakened by three factors. First, it is heavily dependent on theory, and many of its conclusions are based on assumptions about the behavior of Earth systems, such as the AMOC, that have a good theoretical basis but little or no hard evidence and could therefore be wrong. Second, there is no recognition of the important role played by volcanic activity in natural systems. Explosive volcanoes are known to cool Earth by creating aerosols, which increase Earth’s albedo. Less well known is the fact that effusive volcanism is almost invariably associated with global warming, probably due to halogen emissions, which thin the ozone layer and thus allow increased irradiance by solar ultraviolet-B radiation. The correlation between effusive volcanism and sudden warming is well-represented throughout the geologic record, notably in the GISP2 ice cores, but also by the warmings associated with major basaltic volcanism from LIPs (Large Igneous Provinces) such as that of the end-Permian and the PETM. Third, the assumption that carbon dioxide causes warming has never been proven by experiment. Angstrom’s 1900 experiments disproving the relationship remain the only experimental evidence regarding this important assumption, and they were sufficient to extinguish scientific consideration of the matter for 38 years. Earth is a highly complex system, of which our understanding is poor. In studying it, we would do well to take a more empirical approach and to rely much less on theory. Finally, the misuse of science to foster alarmism is unprofessional, to say the least.
Volcanoes can also contribute to global warming through the release of CO2 or triggering the release of methane hydrates or methane gas through geomorphological activities. And then with seismic uptake you could get potential disasters on a massive scale. Lesser impacts could mean impacts for aviation.
This analysis is quite compelling, but in my opinion, it is weakened by three factors. First, it is heavily dependent on theory, and many of its conclusions are based on assumptions about the behavior of Earth systems, such as the AMOC, that have a good theoretical basis but little or no hard evidence and could therefore be wrong. Second, there is no recognition of the important role played by volcanic activity in natural systems. Explosive volcanoes are known to cool Earth by creating aerosols, which increase Earth’s albedo. Less well known is the fact that effusive volcanism is almost invariably associated with global warming, probably due to halogen emissions, which thin the ozone layer and thus allow increased irradiance by solar ultraviolet-B radiation. The correlation between effusive volcanism and sudden warming is well-represented throughout the geologic record, notably in the GISP2 ice cores, but also by the warmings associated with major basaltic volcanism from LIPs (Large Igneous Provinces) such as that of the end-Permian and the PETM. Third, the assumption that carbon dioxide causes warming has never been proven by experiment. Angstrom’s 1900 experiments disproving the relationship remain the only experimental evidence regarding this important assumption, and they were sufficient to extinguish scientific consideration of the matter for 38 years. Earth is a highly complex system, of which our understanding is poor. In studying it, we would do well to take a more empirical approach and to rely much less on theory. Finally, the misuse of science to foster alarmism is unprofessional, to say the least.
Volcanoes can also contribute to global warming through the release of CO2 or triggering the release of methane hydrates or methane gas through geomorphological activities. And then with seismic uptake you could get potential disasters on a massive scale. Lesser impacts could mean impacts for aviation.
Regarding carbon dioxide see http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2016/02/what-is-the-best-description-of-the-greenhouse-effect/
Alarmism is exactly what is required to ring the alarm bells, and Hansen has a very good track record from his past projections.